ИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ НАРУШЕНИЯ ИМПЛАНТАЦИИ И РОЛЬ РЕГУЛЯТОРНЫХ Т-КЛЕТОК ЭНДОМЕТРИЯ ПРИ ПРИВЫЧНОМ НЕВЫНАШИВАНИИ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ

Abstract

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a multifactorial pathological condition associated with impaired interaction between the maternal immune system and the developing embryo. In recent years, particular attention has been given to the role of regulatory T cells (Treg), which are essential for maintaining immune tolerance during the peri-implantation period. This study aims to analyze the phenotypic and transcriptomic characteristics of endometrial Treg cells and their alterations in patients with RPL. Endometrial Treg cells demonstrate a distinct tissue-specific profile compared to peripheral blood Tregs, including increased expression of FOXP3, CTLA-4, TIGIT, and CD39. In patients with RPL, significant alterations were identified, including increased S1PR1 expression and decreased TIGIT expression, indicating impaired suppressive function and altered migratory capacity. Despite no significant changes in Treg cell numbers, their functional activity appears to be markedly reduced. These findings highlight the critical role of immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of RPL and support the development of targeted immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies.