TREATMENT STRATEGIES AND PROGNOSTIC MODELING IN METASTATIC BRAIN TUMORS: CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

Metastatic brain tumors represent a major challenge in contemporary neuro-oncology due to their high incidence, clinical heterogeneity, and poor prognosis. Advances in neurosurgical techniques, radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, and systemic chemotherapy have improved local tumor control and neurological outcomes; however, overall survival remains primarily dependent on extracranial disease progression. This review analyzes current therapeutic modalities and prognostic factors for metastatic brain tumors, with emphasis on multimodal treatment strategies and predictive modeling. Key prognostic determinants include patient age, performance status, number and localization of metastases, primary tumor histology, and systemic tumor burden. The development of integrated prognostic algorithms incorporating clinical, radiological, and molecular biomarkers is essential for personalized treatment planning and improved clinical outcomes.