Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Modern Healthcare Challenge Khasanov O.G. (PhD) Assistant in the 3rd Department of Internal Medicine Samarkand State Medical University Harsh Saini 4th year student in

Abstract

Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome represents a paradigmatic shift in understanding multiorgan disease interactions, encompassing the interconnected pathophysiology of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. This systemic disorder is characterized by pathophysiological interactions among metabolic risk factors, chronic kidney disease, and the cardiovascular system, leading to multiorgan dysfunction and elevated rates of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The syndrome affects approximately 90% of US adults when including all stages, with advanced stages (3-4) present in 15% of the population. The pathogenesis originates from excess or dysfunctional adiposity, triggering inflammatory cascades that compromise insulin sensitivity and promote ectopic fat deposition. Current therapeutic approaches emphasize integrated management through lifestyle interventions, pharmacological treatments including SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, and addressing social determinants of health. This comprehensive review examines the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, therapeutic strategies, and future directions for CKM syndrome management, emphasizing the critical need for multidisciplinary approaches to combat this emerging public health crisis.