PREVENTION OF PREECLAMPSIA THROUGH ANTENATAL WATER-BASED EXERCISE: PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND PERINATAL OUTCOMES

Abstract

Preeclampsia remains one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, largely due to its complex and multifactorial pathogenesis involving endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and impaired central hemodynamics. Despite advances in obstetric care, effective preventive strategies remain limited, particularly for women at high risk. This study evaluates the role of antenatal water-based physical exercise in the form of aqua aerobics as a non-pharmacological method for the prevention of preeclampsia. The analysis demonstrates that regular water-based exercise during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy contributes to the normalization of hemodynamic parameters, reduction of oxidative stress intensity, and improvement of placental function. Clinically, this intervention is associated with a significant decrease in the incidence and severity of preeclampsia, reduction in perinatal complications, and lower dependence on медикаментозной therapy. The findings support the integration of aqua aerobics into comprehensive antenatal care programs as a safe, accessible, and pathogenetically justified approach to preeclampsia prevention.