MODERN CONCEPTS IN THE PATHOGENESIS AND DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN IN GYNECOLOGY

Abstract

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in gynecology is a complex multifactorial syndrome involving neurophysiological, inflammatory, hormonal, and psychological components. It affects up to 15% of women of reproductive age and significantly reduces quality of life. The article presents a modern understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of CPP, emphasizing peripheral and central sensitization, hormonal modulation of pain perception, and the interaction between the nervous and immune systems. Particular attention is given to endometriosis as the leading cause of CPP, as well as diagnostic challenges due to the absence of specific biomarkers and the limitations of non-invasive imaging. The article highlights the importance of an interdisciplinary and personalized approach combining pharmacological, surgical, and psychotherapeutic methods for effective management and prevention of chronicity.