Изучение результатов опухолей гипофиза

Abstract

Introduction. Pituitary adenomas are the most common lesions of the pituitary gland, with an incidence ranging from 14% to 23%. Less common pituitary lesions include craniopharyngioma, Rathke’s cleft cyst, and, in rare cases, pituitary carcinoma.
Objective. A retrospective observational study analyzed the characteristics of pituitary tumors at a single center, including hormone production, morphological features, and treatment strategies.
Methods and Results. This study analyzed data from 174 patients diagnosed with pituitary adenomas at a university hospital between 2019 and 2024 (97 women and 77 men, aged 25 to 92). The diagnosis was based on laboratory tests and imaging findings. Among these patients, 129 (74.1%) had macroadenomas, 41 (23.6%) had microadenomas, and 4 (2.3%) had picoadenomas. Surgery was performed in 90 patients (51.7%). Histological analysis of resected macroadenomas revealed the following subtypes: 32 (38.6%) null-cell adenomas, 21 (25.3%) gonadotroph adenomas, 18 (21.7%) somatotroph adenomas, 5 (6%) prolactinomas, 4 (4.8%) corticotroph adenomas, and 3 (3.6%) somatomammotroph adenomas. Postoperative dynamic assessment showed hypopituitarism in 82 patients (91.1%). Among them, gonadotropin deficiency was observed in 59 patients (65.6%), TSH deficiency in 68 (75.6%), GH deficiency in 40 (44.4%), and diabetes insipidus in 13 (14.4%). In total, 61 patients (71.1%) required hydrocortisone replacement therapy.
Conclusion. In this cohort of 174 patients with pituitary adenomas, non-functioning macroadenomas were the most common tumor type. A relatively high proportion of patients developed postoperative hypopituitarism, highlighting the need for careful endocrine follow-up after surgery.